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University lectures

Questions and answers from Guangxi University

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Questions and answers from Guangxi University

"The night of February 27, 2012"

(i) Question: I am a student at the Faculty of Education. Is a scientist's desire for knowledge greedy?

Answer: "Whosoever seeks for himself, it is greed, and if he asks for it, do not ask for knowledge, and it is not greed, even for wealth."

As I said earlier, according to the teachings of Xiaojiang, it is a crime to touch money from family members, and vice versa, if you are given money to help people, if you do not accept it. In other words, from the point of view of scale, it is also possible to accumulate money as long as it is in the interest of people. Similarly, if scientists seek knowledge for themselves, that is a desire; if they seek knowledge for all, it appears to be desire, and indeed wisdom.

Question: I'm a student at Lin College. I saw a documentary film called Ocean, the first part of which describes an amazing seafloor world, and the second part of which reflects the fact that, in order to satisfy human greed, fishers cut the shark's fins and then threw them into the sea for death and decay. Seeing this scene, I'm really sad. Is there a contradiction between economic development and environmental protection?

A: There is no contradiction between sustainable development of resources and environmental protection without destroying nature.

But if the destructive exploitation of resources by human beings takes place in the immediate future, there will be a temporary benefit that will ultimately outweigh the benefits.

People in some places do not want this development when overexploitation is seen. This is the case in Bhutan, one of the few countries in the world that is not open to the outside world. In previous years, it was reported that even television was not available in Bhutan. Some people may think that the world is developing. Why are they so conservative? Indeed, this conservatism may be a higher level of development. On this issue, one can only discern the advantages and disadvantages if the eyes are polished and a comprehensive analysis is made.

(iii) Question: I'm a student at Lin College, and I study economics. From an economic point of view, the income from the planting of eucalyptus is considerable, but the damage to the environment is enormous, according to one saying.——"On the eucalyptus no birds, no grass." What do you think of cash crops?

Response: When growing cash crops, professionals should be asked to conduct a comprehensive analysis to determine whether the benefits or the disadvantages are greater.

Of course, everything is now linked to the economy, and while we know the consequences of certain things, we are often powerless in reality. When people are too committed to the economy, the damage to the environment is enormous.

Today, in some places in the hide-and-seek, one man has built a wooden house, while the other one, out of a desire to climb, has to build a better house, and the pillars are thicker and higher. The same goes for Handy, where young people go to college with their classmates in clothes, hair, and in society with their colleagues in cars, houses... Such competition must lead to the destruction of nature and, ultimately, to its revenge.

Question: I'm a student at Lin College. As a contemporary university student, it is difficult to do so, although it is known that water conservation, waste management and the non-use of disposable items are essential. Excuse me, can we do this?

A: One source says that it's rather terrible that one person now produces an average of one ton of garbage per year. Therefore, environmental damage can be reduced only if savings are applied, waste is reduced and one-off items are not used.

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Of course, whether you can do that or not depends on whether you have a low-carbon concept. Otherwise, no matter how many wrongs have been done, they will not wake up.

It is therefore important to understand its importance first, and then to inform others, so that, in the end, the public will realize it.

In the future, we should also create environmental organizations to promote environmental concepts. In the world, some views were initially not accepted by the general public, but were promoted by a small number of people, but in the end, they were recognized by all in a model. This phenomenon has changed in recent years, as the Chinese have been particularly wasteful in the past, thanks to the strong appeals of knowledgeable men, many of whom have packed the rest of their meals after eating. This is the power of propaganda.

(五)问:我是林学院的学生。发展与保护始终充满矛盾,即使我们再提倡低碳生活、可持续发展,还是避免不了相对的破坏。请问,怎样才能避免破坏环境?

答:如果我们对此先有深刻的认识,然后到不同的场合宣传,这就比较好办了。

我经常想,作为一个出家人,自己只要好好念经、打坐就可以了,没必要去接触各种人。但有时候又想:如果自己哪里都不去,什么人都不接触,这就是一种自私自利。虽然我这个人微不足道,给别人讲保护环境、保护动物,也不一定起多大作用,但哪怕能起一点点作用,还是应该尽心尽力去做。

相信在你们当中,将来不少人会有一定的权力、财富、实力,那个时候,你应该发挥自己的优势,在力所能及的范围内,为环保事业发一分光、献一分热。

学生时代,每个人都有美好的梦想,可是到了社会上,因为各种压力所迫,许多人的梦想都破灭了。但不管怎么样,希望各位还是要有环保的理念,并努力付诸于实践。

人生在世,应该做点有意义的事。如果每天浑浑噩噩,除了吃饭、打扮,什么追求都没有,高兴时学一点知识,不高兴时就打电话、发信息、看连续片,以此来消磨时光,人生就太没有意义了。现在不少人就是这样混日子,一点正事都不做。当然,也有人挺不错的,尽管事情做得不大,却非常有意义。

(六)问:我是中加学院的学生。对于归真堂活熊取胆汁,您有什么看法?

答:以前我写过一本书叫《悲惨世界》,在书中,我讲述了许多残害动物的事例,比如生吃猴脑等。站在尊重生命的角度,我觉得人类应停止对动物的杀戮。

动物跟人类一样,也有苦乐感受。如果肆意践踏动物的生命,到了一定时候,必会招致可怕的报应。但由于受现代教育的影响,有些人不一定认可我的观点。不过,我在这方面可以举出一百个依据,他们都驳斥不了。

所以,希望同学们一方面要保护环境,同时也要保护动物,这些动物是我们的好朋友。今后,大家千万不要杀生,即使你不能吃素,也不要为了吃肉而点杀活物。否则,这不仅对健康不利,你的前途也不会光明。

(七)问:我是新闻传播学院的学生。我在一本书中看到,藏传佛教有种残忍的修法,即通过断食断水,达到克制欲望的目的。您有过这种修行吗?

答:藏传佛教没有不吃不喝的修法,到目前为止,我也没修过这样的法。可能你说的是“八关斋戒”,如果是,那不仅藏传佛教有,汉传佛教也有。

按八关斋戒的要求,下午是不能吃饭的。为什么佛陀要求过午不食呢?原因有三:1、对健康有利;2、能克制欲望;3、将来不会堕入饿鬼,也不会转为贫穷者。

此外,在藏传佛教中,还有一种服用特殊药丸后,长时间不用吃饭的修法。我曾去过一个叫丹巴的神山,那里有一个出家人,他修了这种法以后,在15天当中,连一滴水都没喝,身心状况还是非常好。

(八)问:我是林学院的学生。最近几年以来,由于全球气候异变,引发了各种次生灾害。据气象学家分析,这种气候异变是几百年来工业发展造成的。请问:通过抑制人类的欲望,能阻止环境恶化吗?

答:要完全阻止环境恶化,不一定能马上见效,但只要我们尽量努力,还是会有一定的效果。

以全球气候变暖来讲。有科学家指出,为满足人类的肉食需要,目前全世界饲养了大量牲畜,它们排出甲烷等有害气体,直接加重了温室效应。因此,如果我们能吃素,对延缓全球变暖会做出贡献。从这个角度而言,吃素就不只是佛教徒的行为了。

有人觉得,吃素会营养不够。其实并非如此。如果你喜欢吃牛肉,请你想一想:牛的肉是从哪里来的?还不是从植物来的。既然牛吃草能长得那么强壮,如果我们吃素,营养也应该没问题。

(九)问:我是计算机与电子信息学院的学生。大学生的环保意识还算可以,而企业家的就不太强,现在的环境污染大多是他们造成的。请问,怎样才能提高企业家的环保意识?

答:“环保”,是后来才出现的话题。记得我小时候,根本不需要环保,空气和水没受到任何染污,我连垃圾桶都没见过。最近几十年以来,随着经济的发展,出现了各种环境问题,人们才越来越重视环保。

若想提高企业家的环保意识,首先要从大学的老师和学生开始。现在的社会上,虽然有官、商、学三个主体,但很多问题都是学术界首先发现的。商界和政界虽然有钱财和势

力,可他们忙着赚钱、做事,无暇考虑这些,因此,学术界要把关键问题揭示给商界和政界。

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以后,大家可

以开一些环保论坛,邀请企业家和官员参与,让他们感受到环保的重要性。如果他们找到了感觉,操作起来就容易了。总之,大家要不断地向大众宣传环保,这样才会有成效。

(十)问:我是农学院大二的学生。现在我在学《普通昆虫学》,到了大三,就开始研究农药了。我个人觉得,研究农药与不杀生、低碳等理念是相违的,可是人类又需要农药来提高产量。您怎么看待这个矛盾?

答:农药是个重要问题,作为农学院的学生,不得不研究这一点。在此过程中,务必要确保对人体无害,如果做不到这一点,农药反而会变成毒药。当今社会,道德时常面临利益的冲击,为了牟取利润,有些厂商说是在制药,实际上是在生产毒药。

其实人类应该反省:有没有必要过于依赖农药?在藏地的农区,农民从来不使用农药,也没有发生大规模虫害,农作物照样生长得非常好。按照佛教的观点,依靠杀生的方式来提高农作物产量,这不仅有来世的果报,对农业生产也不一定有利。这里面有甚深的道理。

不过,种庄稼要看老天爷的脸色,不一定有丰收的把握,因而现在农民不愿意种地,都喜欢到城里打工,导致大量农田荒着。所以,以后你们研究出再好的农药,也不一定有人用吧——开玩笑!

(十一)问:我是材料学院的学生。通过今天的学习,我增强了环保意识。不过,因为自己的心比较浮躁,所以几天以后,我可能又会像从前一样破坏环境了。我该怎么办?

答:通过今天的演讲,如果你真正意识到环保的重要性,也许一辈子都不会忘记。我个人就有这种经历,有时候听上师讲一节课,自己的观念有了极大转变,从此再也不会忘了。

当然,对于环境保护,光有一个认识是不够的,还需要反复思维,这一点非常重要。否则,你现在理解的道理,过两三天就会烟消云散,什么印象都没有了。就像在大学里,老师给你们讲四年课,也只是提醒而已,关键还是靠自己下工夫。

因此,如果你觉得今天的道理重要,下了课以后还要不断地思维。

问:再过两年,我就要毕业了,社会的压力如此强大,人人都在为钱而追逐,如果我还保持环保的想法,可能赚不到足够的钱养家。面对这个矛盾,我该怎么办?

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答:一个有良心的人,不一定赚不到钱。现在也有一些有良心的企业家和领导,他们对社会有强烈的责任感,赚的钱也不比别人少。因此,并不是非要破坏环境,非要通过不合理途径,才能赚到钱。

在谋生过程中,如果采用不如法的手段,即便赚到了钱,也不会长久。只有以具良知的态度做事,收入才会比较稳定。退一步讲,哪怕暂时赚不到钱,还是要对社会负责任,从究竟上讲,这对自他是最有利益的。

(十二)问:我是轻工与食品工程学院的学生。我觉得,有时候欲望也是一种动力,如果人人都知足少欲,可能会影响自身的发展。请问:在发展和知足少欲之间,怎样保持平衡?

答:知足少欲跟发展并不矛盾。佛教不是要求大家整天什么都不追求,刚才我也讲了,只要对社会有利、对自身有利,即便是出家人,也可以接触社会各阶层人士。

追求并不等于贪欲。作为一个大学生,如果有过多的贪欲,这当然不合理;但你若为了实现远大的理想而努力,或者为了正常生活而赚钱,这种追求是可以的。不过要注意的是,追求不能过了头,否则可能变成贪欲,这样一来,就会对自他带来危害。

总之,只要对自他有害,这种追求就不可取;若是对自他无害,这种追求是可以的,这与佛教的观点不相违。

Moderator ' s concluding remarks:

感谢索达吉堪布的演讲!堪布以佛教的“低贪”理念,诠释了如何实现“低碳”生活。其实在这方面,堪布本人就是身体力行的典范。我看过一个资料,他的一件僧衣从1993年穿到现在,一条腰带从 1990 年用到现在,这不得不让我们惊叹。

听了堪布流畅清晰、见解独到的演讲,大家应该非常受益。这两个月以来,南宁的天一直阴沉沉的,今天则下了一场阵雨,愿堪布的法语就像这场春雨一样,滋润各位的心田!

广西大学环境污染预防与可持续

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