Teacher classes | Master's Fiftieth 8

Lesson eight.

If someone says, "It is unreasonable to preach "The 50th Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Scroll of the Sp."

There is no such fault. There is nothing unreasonable to say before the tops, because the term " secretiveness " is very, very few, and the individual statements are only slightly and infrequent. For example, when I first prayed for a roof, and when it was not fully prepared for it, the master, in order to protect it and before it was filled, gave it a special teaching of the hysteria of a secret, which was also promised in it, so that it did not become a secret. Similarly, teaching the Jubilee of the Jubilee to Buddhists who have learned the common way and want to enter a secret religion is not a breach of confidentiality. In fact, it is essential for those who convert to the Buddha and are proud to learn the Jubilee. Many people now want good knowledge, but the way to do good knowledge doesn't understand it at all, so it is crucial for any sect to know how to do so.

With regard to the idea that the ex-students can look at some of their esteems, the cloud in the "Front of the King" is: "Your master is on his hands, like a bow wheel, and the umbilical flames of the umbilical cords, and the light of the other glows in his heart, and the flames rise. The scripture becomes ugly, the sin comes out of the nostrils, and then he wants to be angry, and eats everything. "Students look on their feet at a bow-shaped wind wheel, umbilical umbilical, and when all the evils that are in their mouth become the words of the evening, and the word of the evening becomes the image of an extremely ugly insect, all coming out of their nostrils and all the insects are eaten by the angry lord. It would have been the first of its kind, which, by definition, cannot be preached to those who do not have a roof, but can also be repaired before the top is filled in exceptional cases.

And the clouds said: "Think of what you have been made to look, and of what you have been commanded to protect." "The owner" here, in many of the literatures, says that he looks at the face of the Pugeny King. This is not because he speaks for his students, but rather because he does not have to look at himself. "The Quintuous Curse is also given to the disciples for the recitation of the Quintual." The Ten Trues also says, "The spell is also given to the pupil." As a result, the above-mentioned reference is made to a co-worker, rather than to a student who is unable to do so before he has been reached. There are special statutes and special vows that can be made known to students in advance.

In general, both the entry and the entry are essential in the first instance. In particular, it has been solemnly stressed in successive ministries that all the land taken by Kong is made up of teachers. So, the very essence of all is the way to go to school. In the course of going to school, if the method is not the right way, it often upsets the teacher, which is not good for himself. Personally, for almost two decades, I have been afraid to say the same thing, and I have not been in any trouble with the teacher, but I can say that I have done my best, and in the process I have overcome many of my own violations by relying on the same means. Thus, in " The Way Forward to Success " , Hua Ji-in-Boche said that it was important to master the way in which the masters were brought up.

Of course, it's impossible to understand all of the divisions of the faculty just by looking at it once. Thus, as a beginner, every effort should be made to master the subject. It's not like reading Red House Dreams and Water Spectrums, it's not necessary to read it again and again. We're going to read it again and again and again every year, and we're going to learn it on a daily basis, so that we can get the greatest benefit from it.

我们对依止上师的道理清楚以后，还必须依正知正念而精勤守护誓言。这么一来，一切罪过会越来越少，对违越佛制罪的过失也会生起后悔心，从而渴望改邪归正。这样，在今生或来世中，必将会像《华严经》中的善财童子、《般若八千颂》中的常啼菩萨那样，不仅对依止善知识的道理无所不知、无所不晓，而且能够付诸实践、身体力行。当然，这种功德也并非立竿见影，马上就能得到，但时间久了以后，行为会越来越如法，见解也会越来越稳固，所以，依止上师的时间越长，对善法的串习越不容易退转。就像世间人读书一样，从小学、中学、大学依次读完后，智慧自然得以增长，素质也与从前迥然不同。

假如对这些道理一无所知，或者虽然了知却未披上守护的盔甲，没有如理如法地依止善知识，就会经常沾染各种极易出现的过失，甚至多生累劫中也学不到这些道理。因而，有智慧的人应了达《事师五十颂》是最好的上师瑜伽。我们修上师瑜伽时，虽然天天观想很重要，但从道理上了知依止善知识的重要性与方式，这一点更为重要。因此，一定要将此论看作是最殊胜的上师瑜伽之教言。

乙三、如何堪为法器：

传授欲学密咒等，令彼堪为妙法器，

后当读诵与受持，密宗十四根本戒。

了解依止上师的方式之后，应当通过传授密咒等，使此等弟子堪为妙法器。堪为法器后，首先要读诵与受持密宗十四根本戒。

修持过共同道次第、并学修了依止上师的方式之后，应当使这样的弟子堪为法器。

堪为什么法器呢？堪为妙法器。“妙”是指诸佛，“法”是指佛陀开演的能说诸珍宝续部、所说之道次第。也就是说，应成为听闻、修行此等妙法的法器。

通过什么方便而成为法器呢？通过传授密咒等，《诸誓言仪轨集》中云：“后依赐予密咒语。”所谓的“密”，是指依靠保密而得以成就，并不是非法器的对境。有些学显宗的人经常问：“学习密宗为什么需要灌顶？为什么要保密呢？”其实不仅是密宗，显宗的羯磨仪轨也需要保密，除了比丘等出家人外，在家人根本不允许看。此外，世间人也有党籍的秘密、家庭的秘密……既然如此，最甚深的法对非法器者为什么不能保密呢？

“咒”语，梵文为曼札拉，曼是意识之义，札拉是救护之义，咒语的意思即救护意识。《密集续》中云：“一切根与诸对境，以此缘生一切意，所谓之意称为曼，札者即是能救义。”救护意识虽有许多方法，但此处以灌顶来救护意识，将意识从轮回深渊中救护出来。因此，密法中令弟子堪为法器，是从赐予灌顶开始的。

从何处救护意识呢？按照贤德巴大师所说，从恶趣、三有痛苦、小乘中救护意识（毕竟对无上密法来讲，小乘也是一种歧途）。

若问：“已堪为法器后，首先要做什么呢？”

首先要做的是，不失毁灌顶时所受的誓言与戒律。失去戒律则会断绝获得悉地的根本，从此，修道、讲闻续部等，就像没有地基的高楼一样。所以，接受灌顶之后，立即要守护堕罪与非堕罪的界限。其实不管小乘戒还是密乘戒，守护戒律都相当重要。很多人对守戒一点都不重视，这样的话，释迦牟尼佛的佛法不可能长久住世。

现在很多人灌过顶，却不知道灌顶后必须守护誓言。藏传佛法在汉地的弘扬，虽然表面上很兴盛，但实际上比较衰败。为什么呢？因为大多数人根本不懂密宗次第。按照正常次序，想修学密宗的行人，首先要修五十万加行，加行圆满才能得受灌顶，灌顶以后，没离开上师之前最起码要懂十四条根本戒。但现在很多情况都不是这样，上师给弟子灌顶之后，对守护誓言只字不提，这是非常不如法的。

当然，在尚未灌顶之前，弟子不允许完整听闻密宗学处，但灌完顶之后，上师必须要仔细宣讲，弟子也要听得一清二楚。密乘戒虽然比较多，但主要有十四条根本戒[1]，对此应当经常读诵，并将其意义铭记于心，尽量做到不染堕罪。

应当清楚的是，这里的意思并不是说其他学处不必学修了，而是说想学修密法的人得受灌顶后，若对誓言极其轻视，不先了解十四条根本戒等，只是表面上说修道、讲闻续部，这与密法的法理背道而驰，对自己不会有真实利益。因此，为自己着想的人，接受灌顶后先应守护誓言，在此基础上，再进一步闻思修行密宗法门。

甲三、末义：

为利随学师弟子，造此无垢之论典，

以我所积诸善根，祈愿众生速成佛。

此《事师五十颂》，是为了利益无边有情、缘无上菩提而造，作者以著论所积的无边善根，愿一切众生迅速获得佛果。

作者撰著这部论典的最后，并没有以自私自利之心回向给自己，而是回向给一切众生成就佛果。所以，我们做任何善事也应该回向给天边无际的众生。否则，口头上说学大乘佛法，却不做大乘的行为，这不是名副其实的修行人。

《事师五十颂》虽然只有短短50个颂词，但在藏传佛教中影响特别大，它到底是一部什么样的论典呢？简而言之，它是一部极具精要的论典，能令舍弃我行我素而随顺上师的弟子获得暂时与究竟的利益，并无有未说、邪说、赘述等过患。

《殊胜赞》[2]中云：“所积福德之资粮，悉皆回向诸有情，除世尊您所说外，其余论中未宣说。”正如这其中所说，造论等善根回向一切众生的道理，在其他外道中绝对没有，这是佛教特有的一种广大善巧方便。

总而言之，凡入佛门的人，首先就是要寻访一位名师。对修学菩提道的佛教徒来说，上师是不可或缺的先决条件。能被一位尽善尽美的上师摄受并速得成就，是无数修行人梦寐以求的心愿。

藏传佛教各宗各派均十分重视依止上师。按格鲁派的传统，一般来说，上师在传法灌顶之前要传讲《事师五十颂》，使弟子了解师徒之间的利害关系，以免有后顾之忧。宁玛派及其余宗派，也将依止上师放在首要位置。

依止上师，不止是藏传佛教的特有宗风，对汉传佛教的学人也同样重要。诸多经续中一致强调：依止上师是成就的根本。如经云：“当知胜义俱生智，唯依积资净罪障，具证上师之加持，依止他法诚愚痴。”《弥勒请问经》亦云：“弥勒，当知诸声闻、缘觉、无上佛陀之解脱及彻见诸法之智慧，皆来自于依止善知识；弥勒，当知众生之一切利乐，皆源于自之善根，自之善根亦来自善知识。”所以，在依止上师这一点上，显密宗派并无差别。

当今时代，邪师恶师遍满大地，很多人冒充善知识来欺骗众生，以至于那些头脑简单、是非不辨的佛教徒上当受骗，详细观察上师、如理依止上师的人少得可怜。因此，让更多人学习、掌握此《事师五十颂》大有必要。对于总的佛弟子，尤其是密宗行人而言，首先必须要观察上师，得法之后当依论中所说的方式，以虔诚清净的信心恭敬依止，以求上师的无上意传加持融入自相续，最终获得虹身成就！

[1] 十四条根本戒，在《显密宝库 15—戒律辑要》之《三戒论·密乘戒》中有详尽阐述。

[2] 《殊胜赞》：印度脱准珠杰所著，是最殊胜的释迦牟尼佛赞颂文，在印藏两地影响力极大。虽然文字不多，但其加持力不可思议。